Bacon, Francis. New Atlantis. 1626.
We sailed from Peru, where we had continued by the space
of one whole year, for China and Japan, by the South Sea, taking with us
victuals for twelve months; and had good winds from the east, though soft and
weak, for five months' space and more. But then the wind came about, and settled
in the west for many days, so as we could make little or no way, and were
sometimes in purpose to turn back. But then again there arose strong and great
winds from the south, with a point east; which carried us up, for all that we
could do, toward the north: by which time our victuals failed us, though we
had made good spare of them. So that finding ourselves, in the midst of the
greatest wilderness of waters in the world, without victual, we gave ourselves
for lost men, and prepared for death. Yet we did lift up our hearts and voices
to God above, who showeth His wonders in the deep; beseeching him of His mercy
that as in the beginning He discovered the face of the deep, and brought forth
dry land, so He would now discover land to us, that we might not perish.
And it came to pass that the next day about evening we
saw within a kenning before us, toward the north, as it were thick clouds,
which did put us in some hope of land, knowing how that part of the South Sea
was utterly unknown, and might have islands or continents that hitherto were not
come to light. Wherefore we bent our course thither, where we saw the
appearance of land, all that night; and in the dawning of next day we
might plainly discern that it was a land flat to our sight, and full of boscage,
which made it show the more dark. And after an hour and a half's sailing, we
entered into a good haven, being the port of a fair city. Not great, indeed, but
well built, and that gave a pleasant view from the sea.
And we thinking every minute long till we were on land,
came close to the shore and offered to land. But straightway we saw divers of
the people, with batons in their hands, as it were forbidding us to land: yet
without any cries or fierceness, but only as warning us off, by signs that they
made. Whereupon being not a little discomfited, we were advising with ourselves
what we should do. During which time there made forth to us a small boat, with
about eight persons in it, whereof one of them had in his hand a tipstaff of a
yellow cane, tipped at both ends with blue, who made aboard our ship, without
any show of distrust at all. And when he saw one of our number present
himself somewhat afore the rest, he drew forth a little scroll of parchment
(somewhat yellower than our parchment, and shining like the leaves of writing-
table, but otherwise soft and flexible), and delivered it to our foremost man.
In which scroll were written in ancient Hebrew, and in ancient Greek, and in
good Latin of the school, and in Spanish these words: "Land ye not, none of you,
and provide to be gone from this coast within sixteen days, except you have
further time given you; meanwhile, if you want fresh water, or victual, or help
for your sick, or that your ship needeth repair, write down your wants, and you
shall have that which belongeth to mercy." This scroll was signed with a
stamp of cherubim's wings, not spread, but hanging downward; and by them a
cross. This being delivered, the officer returned, and left only a servant
with us to receive our answer.
Consulting hereupon among ourselves, we were much
perplexed. The denial of landing, and hasty warning us away, troubled us much:
on the other side, to find that the people had languages, and were so full of
humanity, did comfort us not a little. And above all, the sign of the cross to
that instrument was to us a great rejoicing, and as it were a certain presage of
good. Our answer was in the Spanish tongue, "That for our ship, it was well;
for we had rather met with calms and contrary winds, than any tempests. For our
sick, they were many, and in very ill case; so that if they were not permitted
to land, they ran in danger of their lives." Our other wants we set down in
particular, adding, "That we had some little store of merchandise, which if it
pleased them to deal for, it might supply our wants, without being chargeable
unto them." We offered some reward in pistolets unto the servant, and a piece of
crimson velvet to be presented to the officer; but the servant took them not,
nor would scarce look upon them; and so left us, and went back in another little
boat which was sent for him.
About three hours after we had despatched our answer, there
came toward us a person (as it seemed) of a place. He had on him a gown with
wide sleeves, of a kind of water chamolet, of an excellent azure color, far more
glossy than ours; his under-apparel was green, and so was his hat, being in the
form of a turban, daintily made, and not so huge as the Turkish turbans; and the
locks of his hair came down below he brims of it. A reverend man was he to
behold. He came in a boat, gilt in some part of it, with four persons more only
in that boat; and was followed by another boat, wherein were some twenty. When
he was come within a flight-shot of our ship, signs were made to us that we
should send forth some to meet him upon the water, which we presently did in our
ship-boat, sending the principal man amongst us save one, and four of our number
with him.
When we were come within six yards of their boat, they
called to us to stay, and not o approach farther, which we did. And thereupon
the man, whom I before described, stood up, and with a loud voice in Spanish
asked, "Are ye Christians?" We answered, "We were;" fearing the less, because of
the cross we had seen in the subscription. At which answer the said person lift
up his right hand toward heaven, and drew it softly to his mouth which is the
gesture they use, when they thank God), and then said: "If ye will swear,
all four, by the merits of the Saviour, that ye are no pirates; nor have shed
blood, lawfully or unlawfully, within forty days past; you may have license to
come on land." We said, "We were all ready to take that oath." Whereupon one of
those that were with him, being (as it seemed) a notary, made an entry of this
act.
Which done, another of the attendants of the great person,
which was with him in the same boat, after his lord had spoken a little to him,
said aloud: "My lord would have you know that it is not of pride, or greatness,
that he cometh not aboard your ship; but for that in your answer you declare
that you have many sick amongst you, he was warned by the conservator of health
of the city that he should keep a distance." We bowed ourselves toward him and
answered: "We were his humble servants; and accounted for great honor and
singular humanity toward us, that which was already done; but hoped well that
the nature of the sickness of our men was not infectious.
So he returned; and awhile after came the notary to us
aboard our ship, holding in his hand fruit of that country, like an orange, but
of color between orange-tawny and scarlet, which hast a most excellent odor. He
used it (as it seemed) for a preservative against infection. ? us our oath, "By
the name of Jesus, and His merits," and after told us that the next day, by six
of the clock in the morning, we should be sent to, and brought to the strangers'
house (so he called it), where we should be accommodated of things, both for our
whole and for our sick. So he left us; and when we offered him some pistolets,
he smiling, said, "He must not be twice paid for one labor:" meaning (as I take
it) that he had salary sufficient of the State for his service. For (as I after
learned) they call an officer that taketh rewards twice paid.
The next morning early there came to us the same officer
that came to us at first, with his cane, and told us he came to conduct us to
the strangers' house; and that he had prevented the hour, because we might have
the whole day before us for our business. �For," said he," if you will follow my
advice, there shall first go with me some few of you, and see the place, and how
it may be made convenient for you; and then you may send for your sick, and the
rest of your number which ye will bring on land." We thanked him and said, That
his care which he took of desolate strangers, �God would reward."
And so six of us went on land with him; and when we were
on land, he went before us, and turned to us and said "he was but our servant
and our guide." He led us through three fair streets; and all the way we
went there were gathered some people on both sides, standing in a row; but in so
civil a fashion, as if it had been, not to wonder at us, but to welcome us; and
divers of them, as we passed by them, put their arms a little abroad, which is
their gesture when they bid any welcome. The strangers' house is a fair and
spacious house, built of brick, of somewhat a bluer color than our brick; and
with handsome windows, some of glass, some of a kind of cambric oiled.
He brought us first into a fair parlor above stairs, and
then asked us "what number of persons we were? and how many sick?" We answered,
"We were in all sick and whole) one-and-fifty persons, whereof our sick were
seventeen." He desired us have patience a little, and to stay till he came back
to us, which was about an hour after; and then he led us to see the chambers
which were provided for us, being in number nineteen. They having cast it (as
it seemeth) that four of those chambers, which were better than the rest, might
receive four of the principal men of our company; and lodge them alone by
themselves; and the other fifteen chambers were to lodge us, two and two
together.
The chambers were handsome and cheerful chambers, and
furnished civilly. Then he led us to a long gallery, like a dorture, where he
showed us all along the one side (for the other side was but wall and window)
seventeen cells, very neat ones, having partitions of cedar wood. Which gallery
and cells, being in all forty (many more than we needed), were instituted as an
infirmary for sick persons. And he told us withal, that as any of our sick waxed
well, he might be removed from his cell to a chamber; for which purpose there
were set forth ten spare chambers, besides the number we spake of before. This
done, he brought us back to the parlor, and lifting up his cane a little (as
they do when they give any charger command), said to us: "Ye are to know that
the custom of the land requireth that after this day and to-morrow (which we
give you for removing your people from your ship), you are to keep within doors
for three days. But let it not trouble you, nor do not think yourselves
restrained, but rather left to your rest and ease. You shall want nothing; and
here are six of our people appointed to attend you for any business you may have
abroad." We gave him thanks with all affection and respect, and said, "God
surely is manifested in this land." We offered him also twenty pistolets; but he
smiled, and only said: "What? Twice paid!" And so he left us.
Soon after our dinner was served in; which was right
good viands, both for bread and meat: better than any collegiate diet that I
have known in Europe. We had also drink of three sorts, all wholesome and good:
wine of the grape; a drink of grain, such as is with us our ale, but more clear;
and a kind of cider made of a fruit of that country, a wonderful pleasing and
refreshing drink. Besides, there were brought in to us great store of those
scarlet oranges for our sick; which (they said) were an assured remedy for
sickness taken at sea. There was given us also a box of small gray or whitish
pills, which they wished our sick should take, one of the pills every night
before sleep; which (they said) would hasten their recovery.
The next day, after that our trouble of carriage and
removing of our men and goods out of our ship was somewhat settled and quiet, I
thought good to call our company together, and, when they were assembled, said
unto them: "My dear friends, let us know ourselves, and how it standeth with
us. We are men cast on land, as Jonas was out of the whale's belly, when we were
as buried in the deep; and now we are on land, we are but between death and
life, for we are beyond both the Old World and the New; and whether ever we
shall see Europe, God only knoweth. It is a kind of miracle hath brought us
hither, and it must be little less that shall bring us hence. Therefore in
regard of our deliverance past, and our danger present and to come, let us look
up to God, and every man reform his own ways. Besides, we are come here among a
Christian people, full of piety and humanity. Let us not bring that confusion of
face upon ourselves, as to show our vices or unworthiness before them. Yet there
is more, for they have by commandment (though in form of courtesy) cloistered us
within these walls for three days; who knoweth whether it be not to take some
taste of our manners and conditions? And if they find them bad, to banish us
straightway; if good, to give us further time. For these men that they have
given us for attendance, may withal have an eye upon us. Therefore, for God's
love, and as we love the weal of our souls and bodies, let us so behave
ourselves as we may be at peace with God and may find grace in the eyes of this
people."
Our company with one voice thanked me for my good
admonition, and promised me to live soberly and civilly, and without giving any
the least occasion of offence. So we spent our three days joyfully, and without
care, in expectation what would be done with us when they were expired.
During which time, we had every hour joy of the amendment of our sick, who
thought themselves cast into some divine pool of healing, they mended so kindly
and so fast.
The morrow after our three days were past, there came to
us a new man, that we had not seen before, clothed in blue as the former was,
save that his turban was white with a small red cross on top. He had also a
tippet of fine linen. At his coming in, he did bend to us a little, and put
his arms abroad. We of our parts saluted him in a very lowly and submissive
manner; as looking that from him we should receive sentence of life or death. He
desired to speak with some few of us. Whereupon six of us only stayed, and the
rest avoided the room.
He said: "I am by office, governor of this house of
strangers, and by vocation, I am a Christian priest, and therefore am come
to you to offer you my service, both as strangers and chiefly as Christians.
Some things I may tell you, which I think you will not be unwilling to hear. The
State hath given you license to stay on land for the space of six weeks; and let
it not trouble you if your occasions ask further time, for the law in this point
is not precise; and I do not doubt but myself shall be able to obtain for you
such further time as shall be convenient. Ye shall also understand that the
strangers' house is at this time rich and much aforehand; for it hath laid up
revenue these thirty-seven years, for so long it is since any stranger arrived
in this part; and therefore take ye no care; the State will defray you all the
time you stay. Neither shall you stay one day the less for that. As for any
merchandise you have brought, ye shall be well used, and have your return,
either in merchandise or in gold and silver, for to us it is all one. And if you
have any other request to make, hide it not; for ye shall find we will not make
your countenance to fall by the answer ye shall receive. Only this I must tell
you, that none of you must go above a karan [that is with them a mile and a
half] from the walls of the city, without special leave."
We answered, after we had looked awhile upon one another,
admiring this gracious and parent-like usage, that we could not tell what to
say, for we wanted words to express our thanks; and his noble free offers left
us nothing to ask. It seemed to us that we had before us a picture of our
salvation in heaven; for we that were awhile since in the jaws of death,
were now brought into a place where we found nothing but consolations. For the
commandment laid upon us, we would not fail to obey it, though it was impossible
but our hearts should be inflamed to tread further upon this happy and holy
ground. We added that our tongues should first cleave to the roofs of our mouths
ere we should forget either this reverend person or this whole nation, in our
prayers. We also most humbly besought him to accept of us as his true servants,
by as just a right as ever men on earth were bounden; laying and presenting both
our persons and all we had at his feet. He said he was a priest, and looked for
a priest's reward, which was our brotherly love and the good of our souls and
bodies.
So he went from us, not without tears of tenderness in
his eyes, and left us also confused with joy and kindness, saying among
ourselves that we were come into a land of angels, which did appear to us daily,
and present us with comforts, which we thought not of, much less expected.
The next day, about ten of the clock; the governor came to us again, and after
salutations said familiarly that he was come to visit us, and called for a chair
and sat him down; and we, being some ten of us (the rest were of the meaner sort
or else gone abroad), sat down with him; and when we were set he began thus: "We
of this island of Bensalem (for so they called it in their language) have this:
that by means of our solitary situation, and of the laws of secrecy, which we
have for our travellers, and our rare admission of strangers; we know well most
part of the habitable world, and are ourselves unknown. Wherefore because he
that knoweth least is fittest to ask questions it is more reason, for the
entertainment of the time, that ye ask me questions, than that I ask you."
We answered, that we humbly thanked him that he would give
us leave so to do. And that we conceived by the taste we had already, that there
was no worldly thing on earth more worthy to be known than the state of that
happy land. But above all, we said, since that we were met from the several ends
of the world, and hoped assuredly that we should meet one day in the kingdom of
heaven (for that we were both parts Christians), we desired to know (in respect
that land was so remote, and so divided by vast and unknown seas from the land
where our Saviour walked on earth) who was the apostle of that nation, and how
it was converted to the faith?
It appeared in his face that he took great contentment in
this our question; he said: "Yenity heart to you by asking this question in the
first place; for it showeth that you first seek the kingdom of heaven; and I
shall gladly, and briefly, satisfy your demand." About twenty years after the
ascension of our Saviour it came to pass, that there was seen by the people of Renfusa
(a city upon the eastern coast of our island, within sight, the night was cloudy
and calm), as it might be some mile in the sea, a great pillar of light; not
sharp, but in form of a column, or cylinder, rising from the sea, a great way up
toward heaven; and on the top of it was seen a large cross of light, more bright
and resplendent than the body of the pillar. Upon which so strange a spectacle,
the people of the city gathered apace together upon the sands, to wonder; and so
after put themselves into a number of small boats to go nearer to this marvellous
sight. But when the boats were come within about sixty yards of the pillar, they
found themselves all bound, and could go no further, yet so as they might move
to go about, but might not approach nearer; so as the boats stood all as in
theatre, beholding this light, as a heavenly sign.
It so fell out that there was in one of the boats one of
the wise men of the Society of Saloman's House (which house, or college, my good
brethren, is the very eye of this kingdom), who having awhile attentively and
devoutly viewed and contemplated this pillar and cross, fell down upon his face;
and then raised himself upon his knees, and lifting up his hands to heaven, made
his prayers in this manner: "'Lord God of heaven and earth; thou hast
vouchsafed of thy grace, to those of our order to know thy works of creation,
and true secrets of them; and to discern, as far as appertaineth to the
generations of men, between divine miracles, works of nature, works of art and
impostures, and illusions of all sorts. I do here acknowledge and testify before
this people that the thing we now see before our eyes is thy finger, and a true
miracle. And forasmuch as we learn in our books that thou never workest
miracles, but to a divine and excellent end (for the laws of nature are thine
own laws, and thou exceedest them not but upon great cause), we most humbly
beseech thee to prosper this great sign, and to give us the interpretation and
use of it in mercy; which thou dost in some part secretly promise, sending it
unto us."
When he had made his prayer, he presently found the boat
he was in movable and unbound; whereas all the rest remained still fast; and
taking that for an assurance of leave to approach, he caused the boat to be
softly and with silence rowed toward the pillar; but ere he came near it, the
pillar and cross of light broke up, and cast itself abroad, as it were, into a
firmament of many stars, which also vanished soon after, and there was nothing
left to be seen but a small ark or chest of cedar, dry and not wet at all with
water, though it swam; and in the fore end of it, which was toward him, grew a
small green branch of palm; and when the wise man had taken it with all
reverence into his boat, it opened of itself, and there were found in it a book
and a letter, both written in fine parchment, and wrapped in sindons of linen.
The book contained all the canonical books of the Old and New Testament,
according as you have them (for we know well what the churches with you
receive), and the Apocalypse itself; and some other books of the New Testament,
which were not at that time written, were nevertheless in the book. And for the
letter, it was in these words: "I, Bartholomew, a servant of the Highest, and
apostle of Jesus Christ, was warned by an angel that appeared to me in a vision
of glory, that I should commit this ark to the floods of the sea. Therefore I do
testify and declare unto that people where God shall ordain this ark to come to
land, that in the same day is come unto them salvation and peace, and good-will
from the Father, and from the Lord Jesus."
There was also in both these writings, as well the book
as the letter, wrought a great miracle, conform to that of the apostles, in the
original gift of tongues. For there being at that time, in this land, Hebrews,
Persians, and Indians, besides the natives, everyone read upon the book and
letter, as if they had been written in his own language. And thus was this
land saved from infidelity (as the remain of the old world was from water) by an
ark, through the apostolical and miraculous evangelism of St. Bartholomew." And
here he paused, and a messenger came and called him forth from us. So this was
all that passed in that conference.
The next day the same governor came again to us immediately
after dinner, and excused himself, saying that the day before he was called from
us somewhat abruptly, but now he would make us amends, and spend time with us;
if we held his company and conference agreeable. We answered that we held it so
agreeable and pleasing to us, as we forgot both dangers past, and fears to come,
for the time we heard him speak; and that we thought an hour spent with him was
worth years of our former life. He bowed himself a little to us, and after we
were set again, he said, "Well, the questions are on your part."
One of our number said, after a little pause, that there
was a matter we were no less desirous to know than fearful to ask, lest we might
presume too far. But, encouraged by his rare humanity toward us (that could
scarce think ourselves strangers, being his vowed and professed servants), we
would take the hardness to propound it; humbly beseeching him, if he thought it
not fit to be answered, that he would pardon it, though he rejected it. We said,
we well observed those his words, which he formerly spake, that this happy
island, where we now stood, was known to few, and yet knew most of the nations
of the world, which we found to be true, considering they had the languages of
Europe, and knew much of our state and business; and yet we in Europe
(notwithstanding all the remote discoveries and navigations of this last age)
never heard any of the least inkling or glimpse of this island. This we found
wonderful strange; for that all nations have interknowledge one of another,
wither by voyage into foreign parts, or by strangers that come to them; and
though the traveller into a foreign country doth commonly know more by the eye
than he that stayeth at home can by relation of the traveller; yet both ways
suffice to make a mutual knowledge, in some degree, on both parts. But for this
island, we never heard tell of any ship of theirs that had been seen to arrive
upon any shore of
And yet the marvel rested not in this. For the situation of
it (as his lordship said) in the secret conclave of such a vast sea might cause
it. But then, that they should have knowledge of the languages, books, affairs,
of those that lie such a distance from them, it was a thing we could not tell
what to make of; for that it seemed to us a condition and propriety of divine
powers and beings, to be hidden and unseen to others, and yet to have others
open, and as in a light to them.
At this speech the governor gave a gracious smile and said
that we did well to ask pardon for this question we now asked, for that it
imported, as if we thought this land a land of magicians, that sent forth
spirits of the air into all parts, to bring them news and intelligence of other
countries. It was answered by us all, in all possible humbleness, but yet with a
countenance taking knowledge, that we knew that he spake it but merrily. That we
were apt enough to think there was somewhat supernatural in this island, but yet
rather as angelical than magical. But to let his lordship know truly what it was
that made us tender and doubtful to ask this question, it was not any such
conceit, but because we remembered he had given a touch in his former speech,
that his land had laws of secrecy touching strangers.
To this he said, "You remember it aright; and therefore in
that I shall say to you, I must reserve some particulars, which it is not lawful
for me to reveal, but there will be enough left to give you satisfaction. You
shall understand (that which perhaps you will scarce think credible) that
about 3,000 years ago, or somewhat more, the navigation of the world (especially
for remote voyages) was greater than at this day. Do not think with
yourselves, that I know not how much it is increased with you, within these
threescore years; I know it well, and yet I say, greater then than now; whether
it was, that the example of the ark, that saved the remnant of men from the
universal deluge, gave men confidence to venture upon the waters, or what it
was; but such is the truth. The Phoenicians, and especially the Tyrians, had
great fleets; so had the Parthaginians their colony, which is yet farther west.
Toward the east the shipping of
"At that time this land was known and frequented by the
ships and vessels of all the nations before named. And (as it cometh to pass)
they had many times men of other countries, that were no sailors, that came with
them; as Persians, Chaldeans, Arabians, so as almost all nations of might and
fame resorted hither; of whom we have some stirps and little tribes with us at
this day. And for our own ships, they went sundry voyages, as well to your
straits, which you call the Pillars of Hercules, as to other parts in the
Atlantic and Mediterranean seas; as to Paguin (which is the same with Cambalaine)
and Quinzy, upon the Oriental seas, as far as to the borders of the East Tartary.
"At the same time, and an age after or more, the
inhabitants of the great Atlantis did flourish. For though the narration and
description which is made by a great man with you, that the descendants of
Neptune planted there, and of the magnificent temple, palace, city, and hill;
and the manifold streams of goodly navigable rivers, which as so many chains
environed the same site and temple; and the several degrees of ascent, whereby
men did climb up to the same, as if it had been a Scalaoeli; be all poetical and
fabulous; yet so much is true, that the said country of Atlantis, as well that
of Peru, then called Coya, as that of Mexico, then named Tyrambel, were mighty
and proud kingdoms, in arms, shipping, and riches; so mighty, as at one time, or
at least within the space of ten years, they both made two great expeditions;
they of Tyrambel through the Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea; and they of Coya,
through the South Seaupon this our island; and for the former of these, which
was into Europe, the same author among you, as it seemeth, had some relation
from the Egyptian priest, whom he citeth. For assuredly, such a thing there was.
But whether it were the ancient Athenians that had the glory of the repulse and
resistance of those forces, I can say nothing; but certain it is there never
came back either ship or man from that voyage. Neither had the other voyage of
those of Coya upon us had better fortune, if they had not met with enemies of
greater clemency. For the King of this island, by name Altabin, a wise man and a
great warrior, knowing well both his own strength and that of his enemies,
handled the matter so as he cut off their land forces from their ships, and entoiled
both their navy and their camp with a greater power than theirs, both by sea and
land; and compelled them to renderthemselves without striking a stroke; and
after they were at his mercy, contenting himself only with their oath, that they
should no more bear arms against him, dismissed them all in safety.
"But the divine revenge overtook not long after those proud
enterprises. For within less than the space of 100 years the Great Atlantis was
utterly lost and destroyed; not by a great earthquake, as your mansaith, for
that whole tract is little subject to earthquakes, but by a particular deluge,
or inundation; those countries having at this day far greater rivers, and far
higher mountains to pour down waters, than any part of the old world. But it is
true that the same inundation was not deep, nor past forty foot, in most places,
from the ground, so that although it destroyed man and beast generally, yet some
few wild inhabitants of the wood escaped. Birds also were saved by flying to the
high trees and woods. For as for men, although they had buildings in many
places higher than the depth of the water, yet that inundation, though it were
shallow, had a long continuance, whereby they of the vale that were not drowned
perished for want of food, and other things necessary. So as marvel you not at
the thin population of America, nor at the rudeness and ignorance of the people;
for you must account your inhabitants of America as a young people, younger a
thousand years at the least than the rest of the world, for that there was so
much time between the universal flood and their particular inundation.
"For the poor remnant of human seed which remained in
their mountains, peopled the country again slowly, by little and little, and
being simple and a savage people (not like Noah and his sons, which was the
chief family of the earth), they were not able to leave letters, arts, and
civility to their posterity; and having likewise in their mountainous
habitations been used, in respect of the extreme cold f those regions, to clothe
themselves with the skins of tigers, bears, and great hairy goats, that they
have in those parts; when after they came down into the valley, and found the
intolerable heats which are there, and knew no means of lighter apparel, they
were forced o begin the custom of going naked, which continueth at this day.
Only they take great pride and delight in the feathers of birds, and this also
they took from those their ancestors of the mountains, who were invited unto it,
by the infinite flight of birds, that came up to he high grounds, while the
waters stood below. So you see, by this main accident of time, we lost our
traffic with the Americans, with whom of all others, in regard they lay nearest
to us, we had most commerce. As for the other parts of the world, it is most
manifest that in the ages following (whether it were in respect of wars, or by a
natural revolution of time) navigation did everywhere greatly decay,
and specially far voyages (the rather by these of galleys, and such vessels as
could hardly brook the ocean) were altogether left and omitted. So then, that
part of intercourse which could be from other nations to sail to us, you see how
it hath long since ceased; except it were by some rare accident, as this of
yours. But now of the cessation of that other part of intercourse, which might
be by our sailing to other nations, I must yield you some other cause. But I
cannot say if I shall say truly, but our shipping, for number, strength,
mariners, pilots, and all things that appertain to navigation, is as great as
ever; and therefore why we should sit at home, I shall now give you an account
by itself; and it will draw nearer, to give you satisfaction, to your principal
question.
"There reigned in this land, about 1,900 years ago, a
King, whose memory of all others we most adore; not superstitiously, but as a
divine instrument, though a mortal man: his name was Salomana; and we esteem him
as the lawgiver of our nation. This King had a large heart, inscrutable for
good; and was wholly bent to make his kingdom and people happy. He, therefore,
taking into consideration how sufficient and substantive this land was, to
maintain itself without any aid at all of the foreigner; being 5,000 miles in
circuit, and of rare fertility of soil, in the greatest part thereof; and
finding also the shipping of this country might be plentifully set on work, both
by fishing and by transportations from port to port, and likewise by sailing
unto some small islands that are not far from us, and are under the crown and
laws of this State; and recalling into his memory the happy and flourishing
estate wherein this land then was, so as it might be a thousand ways altered to
the worse, but scarce any one way to the better; though nothing wanted to his
noble and heroical intentions, but only (as far as human foresight might reach)
to give perpetuity to that which was in his time so happily established,
therefore among his other fundamental laws of this kingdom he did ordain the
interdicts and prohibitions which we have touching entrance of strangers; which
at that time (though it was after the calamity of America) was frequent;
doubting novelties and commixture of manners. It is true, the like law against
the admission of strangers without license is an ancient law in the
"And here I shall seem a little to digress, but you will
by and by find it pertinent. Ye shall understand, my dear friends, that among
the excellent acts of that King, one above all hath the pre-eminence. It was the
erection and institution of an order, or society, which we call Saloman's House,
the noblest foundation, as we think, that ever was upon the earth, and the
lantern of this kingdom. It is dedicated to the study of the works and creatures
of God. Some think it beareth the founder's name a little corrupted, as if it
should be Solomon's House. But the records write it as it is spoken. So as I
take it to be denominate of the King of the Hebrews, which is famous with you,
and no strangers to us; for we have some parts of his works which with you are
lost; namely, that natural history which he wrote of all plants, from the cedar
of Libanus to the moss that groweth out of the wall; and of all things that have
life and motion. This maketh me think that our King finding himself to
symbolize, in many things, with that King of the Hebrews, which lived many years
before him, honored him with the title of this foundation. And I am the rather
induced to be of this opinion, for that I find in ancient records, this order or
society is sometimes called Solomon's House, and sometimes the College of the
Six Days' Works, whereby I am satisfied that our excellent King had learned from
the Hebrews that God had created the world and all that therein is within six
days: and therefore he instituted that house, for the finding out of the true
nature of all things, whereby God might have the more glory in the workmanship
of them, and men the more fruit in their use of them, did give it also that
second name.
"But now to come to our present purpose. When the King had
forbidden to all his people navigation into any part that was not under his
crown, he made nevertheless this ordinance; that every twelve years there should
be set forth out of this kingdom, two ships, appointed to several voyages; that
in either of these ships there should be a mission of three of the fellows or
brethren of Saloman's House, whose errand was only to give us knowledge of the
affairs and state of those countries to which they were designed; and especially
of the sciences, arts, manufactures, and inventions of all the world; and withal
to bring unto us books, instruments, and patterns in every kind: that the ships,
after they had landed the brethren, should return; and that the brethren should
stay abroad till the new mission, the ships are not otherwise fraught than with
store of victuals, and good quantity of treasure to remain with the brethren,
for the buying of such things, and rewarding of such persons, as they should
think fit. Now for me to tell you how the vulgar sort of mariners are contained
from being discovered at land, and how they must be put on shore for any time,
color themselves under the names of other nations, and to what places these
voyages have been designed; and what places of rendezvous are appointed for the
new missions, and the like circumstances of the practice, I may not do it,
neither is it much to your desire. But thus you see we maintain a trade, not for
gold, silver, or jewels, nor for silks, nor for spices, nor any other commodity
of matter; but only for God's first creature, which was light; to have light, I
say, of the growth of all parts of the world.
"And when he had said this, he was silent, and so were we
all; for indeed we were all astonished to hear so strange things so probably
told. And he perceiving that we were willing to say somewhat, but had it not
ready, in great courtesy took us off, and descended to ask us questions of our
voyage and fortunes, and in the end concluded that we might do well to think
with ourselves what time of stay we would demand of the State, and bade us not
to scant ourselves; for he would procure such time as we desired. Whereupon we
all rose up and presented ourselves to kiss the skirt of his tippet, but he
would not suffer us, and so took his leave. But when it came once among our
people that the State used to offer conditions to strangers that would stay, we
had work enough to get any of our men to look to our ship, and to keep them from
going presently to the governor to crave conditions; but with much ado we
restrained them, till we might agree what course to take.
We took ourselves now for freemen, seeing there was no
danger of our utter perdition, and lived most joyfully, going abroad and seeing
what was to be seen in the city and places adjacent, within our tedder; and
obtaining acquaintance with any of the city, not of the meanest quality, at
whose hands we found such humanity, and such a freedom and desire to take
strangers, as it were, into their bosom, as was enough to make us forget all
that was dear to us in our own countries, and continually we met with many
things, right worthy of observation and relation; as indeed, if there be a
mirror in the world, worthy to hold men's eyes, it is that country.
One day there were two of our company bidden to a feast of
the family, as they call it; a most natural, pious, and reverend custom it is,
showing that nation to be compounded of all goodness. This is the manner of it;
it is granted to any man that shall live to see thirty persons descended of his
body, alive together, and all above three years old, to make this feast, which
is done at the cost of the State. The father of the family, whom they call the tirsan,
two days before the feast, taketh to him three of such friends as he liketh to
choose, and is assisted also by the governor of the city or place where the
feast is celebrated; and all the persons of the family, of both sexes, are
summoned to attend him. These two days the tirsansitteth in consultation,
concerning the good estate of the family. There, if there be any discord or
suits between any of the family, they are compounded and appeased. There, if any
of the family be distressed or decayed, order is taken for their relief, and
competent means to live. There, if any be subject to vice, or take ill-courses,
they are reproved and censured. So, likewise, directions given touching
marriages, and the courses of life which any of them should take, with divers
other the like orders and advices. The governor sitteth to the end, to put in
execution, by his public authority, the decrees and orders of the tirsan, if
they should be disobeyed, though that seldom needeth; such reverence and
obedience they give to the order of nature.
The tirsan doth also then ever choose one man from among
his sons, to live in house with him, who is called ever after the Son of the
Vine. The reason will hereafter appear. On thee last day, the father, or tirsan,
cometh forth after divine service into a large room where the feast is
celebrated; which room hath a half-pace at the upper end. Against the wall, in
the middle of the half-pace, is a chair placed for him, with a table and carpet
before it. Over the chair is a state, made round or oval and it is of ivy; an
ivy somewhat whiter than ours, like the leaf of a silver-asp, but more shining;
for it is green all winter. And the state is curiously wrought with silver and
silk of divers colors, broiding or binding in the ivy; ands ever of the work of
some of the daughters of the family, and veiled over at the top, with fine net
of silk and silver. But the substance of it is true ivy; whereof after it is
taken down, the friends of the family are desirous to have some leaf or sprig to
keep.
The tirsan cometh forth with all his generation or lineage,
the males before him, and the females following him; and if there be a mother,
from whose body the whole lineage is descended, there is a traverse placed in a
loft above on the right hand of the chair, with a privy door, and a carved
window of glass, leaded with gold and blue; where she sitteth, but is not seen.
When the tirsan is come forth, he sitteth down in the chair; and all the lineage
place themselves against the wall, both at his back, and upon the return of the
half-pace, in order of their years) without difference of sex, and stand upon
their feet. When he is set, the room being always full of company, but well kept
and without disorder, after some pause there cometh in from the lower end of the
room a taratan (which is as much as a herald), and on either side of him two
young lads: whereof one carrieth a scroll of their shining yellow parchment, and
the other a cluster of grapes of gold, with a long foot or stalk. The herald and
children are clothed with mantles of sea-water-green satin; but the herald's
mantle is streamed with gold, and hath a train. Then the herald with three
courtesies, or rather inclinations, cometh up as far as the half-pace, and there
first taketh into his hand the scroll.
This scroll is the King's charter, containing gift of
revenue, and many privileges, exemptions, and points of honor, granted to the
father of the family; and it is ever styled and directed, "To such an one, our
well-beloved friend and creditor," which is a title proper only to this case.
For they say, the King is debtor to no man, but for propagation of his subjects;
the seal set to the King's charter is the King's image, embossed or moulded in
gold; and though such charters be expedited of course, and as of right, yet they
are varied by discretion, according to the number and dignity of the family.
This charter the herald readeth aloud; and while it is read, the father, or tirsan, standeth
up, supported by two of his sons, such as he chooseth. Then the herald mounteth
the half-pace, and delivereth the charter into his hand: and with that there is
an acclamation, by all that are present, in their language, which is thus much,
"Happy are the people of Bensalem." Then the herald taketh into his hand from
the other child the cluster of grapes, which is of gold; both the stalk, and the
grapes. But the grapes are daintily enamelled: and if the males of the family be
the greater number, the grapes are enamelled purple, with a little sun set on
the top; if the females, then they are enamelled into a greenish yellow, with a
crescent on the top. The grapes are in number as many as there are descendants
of the family. This golden cluster the herald delivereth also to the tirsan; who
presently delivereth it over to that son that he had formerly chosen, to be in
house with him: who beareth it before his father, as an ensign of honor, when
he goeth in public ever after; and is thereupon called the Son of the Vine.
After this ceremony ended the father, or tirsan, retireth,
and after some time cometh forth again to dinner, where he sitteth alone under
the state, as before; and none of his descendants sit with him, of what degree
or dignity so ever, except he hap to be of Saloman's House. He is served only by
his own children, such as are male; who perform unto him all service of the
table upon the knee, and the women only stand about him, leaning against the
wall. The room below his half-pace hath tables on the sides for the guests that
are bidden; who are served with great and comely order; and toward the end of
dinner (which in the greatest feasts with them lasteth never above an hour and a
half) there is a hymn sung, varied according to the invention of him that composeth
it (for they have excellent poesy), but the subject of it is always the praises
of Adam, and Noah, and Abraham; whereof the former two peopled the world, and
the last was the father of the faithful: concluding ever with a thanksgiving for
the nativity of our Saviour, in whose birth the births of all are only blessed.
Dinner being done, the tirsanretireth again; and having
withdrawn himself alone into a place, where he maketh some private prayers, he
cometh forth the third time, to give the blessing; with all his descendants, who
stand about him as the first. Then he calleth them forth by one and by one,
by name as he pleaseth, though seldom the order of age be inverted. The person
that is called (the table being before removed) kneeleth down before the chair,
and the father layeth his hand upon his head, or her head, and giveth the
blessing in these words: "Son of Bensalem (or daughter of Bensalem), thy
father saith it; the man by whom thou hast breath and life speaketh the word;
the blessing of the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace, and the Holy Dove
be upon thee, and make the days of thy pilgrimage good and many." This he saith
to every of them; and that done, if there be any of his sons of eminent merit
and virtue, so they be not above two, he calleth for them again, and saith,
laying his arm over their shoulders, they standing: "Sons, it is well you are
born, give God the praise, and persevere to the end;" and withal delivereth to
either of them a jewel, made in the figure of an ear of wheat, which they ever
after wear in the front of their turban, or hat; this done, they fall to music
and dances, and other recreations, after their manner, for the rest of the day.
This is the full order of that feast.
By that time six or seven days were spent, I was fallen
into straight acquaintance with a merchant of that city, whose name was Joabin.
He was a Jew and circumcised; for they have some few stirps of Jews yet
remaining among them, whom they leave to their own religion. Which they may the
better do, because they are of a far differing disposition from the Jews in
other parts. For whereas they hate the name of Christ, and have a secret inbred
rancor against the people among whom they live; these, contrariwise, give unto
our Saviour many high attributes, and love the nation of Bensalem extremely.
Surely this man of whom I speak would ever acknowledge that Christ was born of a
Virgin; and that he was more than a man; and he would tell how God made him
ruler of the seraphim, which guard His throne; and they call him also the Milken
Way, and the Eliah of the Messiah, and many other high names, which though they
be inferior to his divine majesty, yet they are far from the language of other
Jews. And for the country of Bensalem, this man would make no end of commending
it, being desirous by tradition among the Jews there to have it believed that
the people thereof were of the generations of Abraham, by another son, whom they
call Nachoran; and that Moses by a secret cabala ordained the laws of Bensalem
which they now use; and that when the Messias should come, and sit in his throne
at Hierusalem, the king of Bensalem should sit at his feet, whereas other kings
should keep a great distance. But yet setting aside these Jewish dreams, the man
was a wise man and learned, and of great policy, and excellently seen in the
laws and customs of that nation.
Among other discourses one day I told him, I was much
affected with the relation I had from some of the company of their custom in
holding the feast of the family, for that, methought, I had never heard of a
solemnity wherein nature did so much preside. And because propagation of
families proceedeth from the nuptial copulation, I desired to know of him what
laws and customs they had concerning marriage, and whether they kept marriage
well, and whether they were tied to one wife? For that where population is so
much affected, and such as with them it seemed to be, there is commonly
permission of plurality of wives.
To this he said: "You have reason for to commend that
excellent institution of the feast of the family; and indeed we have experience,
that those families that are partakers of the blessings of that feast, do
flourish and prosper ever after, in an extraordinary manner. But hear me now,
and I will tell you what I know. You shall understand that there is not under
the heavens so chaste a nation as this of Bensalem, nor so free from all
pollution or foulness. It is the virgin of the world; I remember, I have read in
one of your European books, of a holy hermit among you, that desired to see the
spirit of fornication, and there appeared to him a little foul ugly Ethiope; but
if he had desired to see the spirit of chastity of Bensalem, it would have
appeared to him in the likeness of a fair beautiful cherub. For there is
nothing, among mortal men, more fair and admirable than the chaste minds of this
people. "Know, therefore, that with them there are no stews, no dissolute
houses, no courtesans, nor anything of that kind. Nay, they wonder, with
detestation, at you in
"The haunting of those dissolute places, or resort to
courtesans, are no more punished in married men than in bachelors. And the
depraved custom of change, and the delight in meretricious embracements (where
sin is turned into art), maketh marriage a dull thing, and a kind of imposition
or tax. They hear you defend these things, as done to avoid greater evils; as advoutries,
deflowering of virgins, unnatural lust, and the like. But they say this is a
preposterous wisdom; and they call it Lot's offer, who to save his guests from
abusing, offered his daughters; nay, they say further, that there is little
gained in this; or that the same vices and appetites do still remain and abound,
unlawful lust being like a furnace, that if you stop the flames altogether it
will quench, but if you give it any vent it will rage; as for masculine love,
they have no touch of it; and yet there are not so faithful and inviolate
friendships in the world again as are there, and to speak generally (as I said
before) I have not read of any such chastity in any people as theirs.
And
their usual saying is that whosoever is unchaste cannot reverence himself; and
they say that the reverence of a man's self, is, next religion, the chiefest
bridle of all vices."
And when he had said this the good Jew paused a little;
whereupon I, far more willing to hear him speak on than to speak myself; yet
thinking it decent that upon his pause of speech I should not be altogether
silent, said only this; that I would say to him, as the widow of Sarepta said to
Elias: "that he was come to bring to memory our sins; "and that I confess the
righteousness of Bensalem as greater than the righteousness of Europe. At which
speech he bowed his head, and went in this manner: "They have also many wise and
excellent laws, touching marriage. They allow no polygamy. They have ordained
that none do intermarry, or contract, until a month be past from their first
interview. Marriage without consent of parents they do not make void, but they
mulct it in the inheritors; for the children of such marriages are not admitted
to inherit above a third part of their parents' inheritance. I have read in a
book of one of your men, of a feigned commonwealth, where the married couple are
permitted, before they contract, to see one another naked. This they dislike;
for they think it a scorn to give a refusal after so familiar knowledge; but
because of many hidden defects in men and women's bodies, they have a more civil
way; for they have near every town a couple of pools (which they call Adam and
Eve's pools), where it is permitted to one of the friends of the man, and
another of the friends of the woman, to see them severally bathe naked." And
as we were thus in conference, there came one that seemed to be a messenger, in
a rich huke, that spake with the Jew; whereupon he turned to me, and said, "You
will pardon me, for I am commanded away in haste."
The next morning he came to me again, joyful as it seemed,
and said: "There is word come to the governor of the city, that one of the
fathers of Salomon's House will be here this day seven-night; we have seen none
of them this dozen years. His coming is in state; but the cause of this coming
is secret. I will provide you and your fellows of a good standing to see his
entry." I thanked him, and told him I was most glad of the news. The day being
come he made his entry. He was a man of middle stature and age, comely of
person, and had an aspect as if he pitied men. He was clothed in a robe of fine
black cloth and wide sleeves, and a cape: his under-garment was of excellent
white linen down to the foot, girt with a girdle of the same; and a sindon or
tippet of the same about his neck. He had gloves that were curious, and set with
stone; and shoes of peach-colored velvet. His neck was bare to the shoulders.
His hat was like a helmet, or Spanish montero; and his locks curled below it
decently; they were of color brown. His beard was cut round and of the same
color with his hair, somewhat lighter. He was carried in a rich chariot, without
wheels, litter-wise, with two horses at either end, richly trapped in blue
velvet embroidered; and two footmen on each side in the like attire. The chariot
was all of cedar, gilt and adorned with crystal; save that the fore end had
panels of sapphires set in borders of gold, and the hinder end the like of
emeralds of the
Three days after the Jew came to me again, and said: "Ye
are happy men; for the father of Salomon's House taketh knowledge of your being
here, and commanded me to tell you that he will admit all your company to his
presence, and have private conference with one of you, that ye shall choose; and
for this hath appointed the next day after to-morrow. And because he meaneth to
give you his blessing, he hath appointed it in the forenoon."
We came at our day and hour, and I was chosen by my fellows
for the private access. We found him in a fair chamber, richly hanged, and
carpeted under foot, without any degrees to the state; he was set upon a low
throne richly adorned, and a rich cloth of state over his head of blue satin
embroidered. He was alone, save that he had two pages of honor, on either hand
one, finely attired in white. His under-garments were the like that we saw him
wear in the chariot; but instead of his gown, he had on him a mantle with a
cape, of the same fine black, fastened about him.
When we came in, as we were taught, we bowed low at our
first entrance; and when we were come near his chair, he stood up, holding forth
his hand ungloved, and in posture of blessing; and we every one of us stooped
down and kissed the end of his tippet. That done, the rest departed, and I
remained. Then he warned he pages forth of the room, and caused me to sit down
beside him, and spake to me thus in the Spanish tongue: "God bless thee, my son;
I will give thee the greatest jewel I have. For I will impart unto thee, for the
love of God and men, a relation of the true state of Salomon's House. Son, to
make you know the true state of Salomon's House, I will keep this order. First,
I will set forth unto you the end of our foundation. Secondly, the reparations
and instruments we have for our works. Thirdly, the several employments and
functions whereto our fellows are assigned.And fourthly, the ordinances and
rites which we observe.
"The end of our foundation is the knowledge of causes,
and secret motions of things; and the enlarging of the bounds of human empire,
to the effecting of all things possible.
"The preparations and instruments are these: We have large and deep caves of several depths; the deepest are sunk 600 fathoms; and some of them are digged and made under great hills and mountains; so that if you reckon together the depth of the hill and the depth of the cave, they are, some of them, above three miles deep. For we find that the depth of a hill and the depth of a cave from the flat are the same thing; both remote alike from the sun and heaven's beams, and from the open air. These caves we call the lower region. And we use them for all coagulations, indurations, refrigerations, and conservations of bodies. We use them likewise for the imitation of natural mines and the producing also of new artificial metals, by compositions and materials which we use and lay there for many years. We use them also sometimes (which may seem strange) for curing of some diseases, and for prolongation of life, in some hermits that choose to live there, well accommodated of all things necessary, and indeed live very long; by whom also we learn many things.
"We have burials in several earths, where we put divers
cements, as the Chinese do their porcelain. But we have them in greater variety,
and some of them more fine. We also have great variety of composts and soils,
for the making of the earth fruitful.
"We have high towers, the highest about half a mile in
height, and some of them likewise set upon high mountains, so that the vantage
of the hill with the tower is in the highest of them three miles at least. And
these places we call the upper region, account the air between the high places
and the low as a middle region. We use these towers, according to their several
heights and situations, for insulation,� he said.
"We have great lakes, both salt and fresh, whereof we have
use for the fish and fowl. We use them also for burials of some natural bodies,
for we find a difference in things buried in earth, or in air below the earth,
and things buried in water. We have also pools, of which some do train fresh
water out of salt, and others by art do turn fresh water into salt. We have also
some rocks in the midst of the sea, and some bays upon the shore for some works,
wherein are required the air and vapor of the sea. We have likewise violent
streams and cataracts, which serve us for many motions; and likewise engines for
multiplying and enforcing of winds to set also on divers motions.
"We have also a number of artificial wells and fountains,
made in imitation of the natural sources and baths, as tincted upon vitriol, sulphur,
steel, brass, lead, nitre, and other minerals; and again, we have little wells
for infusions of many things, where the waters take the virtue quicker and
better than in vessels or basins. And among them we have a water, which we call
water of paradise, being by that we do it made very sovereign for health and
prolongation of life.
"We have also great and spacious houses, where we imitate
and demonstrate meteors -- as snow, hail, rain, some artificial rains of bodies
and not of water, thunders, lightnings; also generations of bodies in air -- as
frogs, flies, and divers others.
"We have also certain chambers, which we call chambers of
health, where we qualify the air as we think good and proper for the cure
ofdivers diseases and preservation of health.
"We have also fair and large baths, of several mixtures,
for the cure of diseases, and the restoring of man's body from rarefaction; and
others for the confirming of it in strength of sinews, vital parts, and the very
juice and substance of the body.
"We have also large and various orchards and gardens,
wherein we do not so much respect beauty as variety of ground and soil, proper
for divers trees and herbs, and some very spacious, where trees and berries are
set, whereof we make divers kinds of drinks, beside the vineyards. In these we practise
likewise all conclusions of grafting, and inoculating, as well of wild-trees as
fruit-trees, which produceth many effects. and we make by art, in the same
orchards and gardens, trees and flowers, to come earlier or later than their
seasons, and to come up and bear more speedily than by their natural course they
do. We make them also by art greater much than their nature; and their fruit
greater and sweeter, and of differing taste, smell, color, and figure, from
their nature. And many of them we so order as that they become of medicinal use.
"We have also means to make divers plants rise by mixtures
of earths without seeds, and likewise to make divers new plants, differing from
the vulgar, and to make one tree or plant turn into another.
"We have also parks, and enclosures of all sorts, of
beasts and birds; which we use not only for view or rareness, but likewise for
dissections and trials, that thereby may take light what may be wrought upon the
body of man. Wherein we find many strange effects: as continuing life in them,
though divers parts, which you account vital, be perished and taken forth;
resuscitating of some that seem dead in appearance, and the like. We try also
all poisons, and other medicines upon them, as well of chirurgery as physic. By
art likewise we make them greater or smaller than their kind is, and
contrariwise dwarf them and stay their growth; we make them more fruitful and
bearing than their kind is, and contrariwise barren and not generative. Also we
make them differ in color, shape, activity, many ways. We find means to make
commixtures and copulations of divers kinds, which have produced many new kinds,
and them not barren, as the general opinion is. We make a number of kinds of
serpents, worms, flies, fishes of putrefaction, whereof some are advanced (in
effect) to be perfect creatures, like beasts or birds, and have sexes, and do
propagate. Neither do we this by chance, but we know beforehand of what matter
and commixture, what kind of those creatures will arise.
"We have also particular pools where we make trials upon
fishes, as we have said before of beasts and birds.
"We have also places for breed and generation of those
kinds of worms and flies which are of special use; such as are with you your
silkworms and bees.
"I will not hold you long with recounting of our
brew-houses, bake-houses, and kitchens, where are made divers drinks, breads,
and meats, rare and of special effects. Wines we have of grapes, and drinks of
other juice, of fruits, of grains, and of roots, and of mixtures with honey,
sugar, manna, and fruits dried and decocted; also of the tears or wounding of
trees and of the pulp of canes. And these drinks are of several ages, some of
the age or last of forty years. We have drinks also brewed with several herbs
and roots and spices; yea, with several fleshes and white meats; whereof some of
the drinks are such as they are in effect meat and drink both, so that divers,
especially in age, do desire to live with them with little or no meat or bread.
And above all we strive to have drinks of extreme thin parts, to insinuate into
the body, and yet without all biting, sharpness, or fretting; insomuch as some
of them put upon the back of your hand, will with a little stay pass through to
the palm, and yet taste mild to the mouth. We have also waters, which we ripen
in that fashion, as they become nourishing, so that they are indeed excellent
drinks, and many will use no other. Bread we have of several grains, roots, and
kernels; yea, and some of flesh, and fish, dried; with divers kinds of leavings
and seasonings; so that some do extremely move appetites, some do nourish so as
divers do live of them, without any other meat, who live very long. So for
meats, we have some of them so beaten, and made tender, and mortified, yet
without all corrupting, as a weak heat of the stomach will turn them into good chilus,
as well as a strong heat would meat otherwise prepared. We have some meats also
and bread, and drinks, which, taken by men, enable them to fast long after; and
some other, that used make the very flesh of men's bodies sensibly more hard and
tough, and their strength far greater than otherwise it would be.
"We have dispensatories or shops of medicines; wherein you
may easily think, if we have such variety of plants, and living creatures, more
than you have in Europe (for we know what you have), the simples, drugs, and
ingredients of medicines, must likewise be in so much the greater variety. We
have them likewise of divers ages, and long fermentations. And for their
preparations, we have not only all manner of exquisite distillations, and
separations, and especially by gentle heats, and percolations through divers
strainers, yea, and substances; but also exact forms of composition, whereby
they incorporate almost as they were natural simples.
"We have also divers mechanical arts, which you have not;
and stuffs made by them, as papers, linen, silks, tissues, dainty works of
feathers of wonderful lustre, excellent dyes, and many others, and shops
likewise as well for such as are not brought into vulgar use among us, as for
those that are. For you must know, that of the things before recited, many of
them are grown into use throughout the kingdom, but yet, if they did flow from
our invention, we have of them also for patterns and principals.
"We have also furnaces of great diversities, and that
keep great diversity of heats; fierce and quick, strong and constant, soft and
mild, blown, quiet, dry, moist, and the like. But above all we have heats, in
imitation of the sun's and heavenly bodies' heats, that pass divers
inequalities, and as it were orbs, progresses, and returns whereby we produce
admirable effects. Besides, we have heats of dungs, and fellies and maws of
living creatures and of their bloods and bodies, and of hays and herbs laid up
moist, of lime unquenched, and such like. Instruments also which generate heat
only by motion. And farther, places for strong insulations; and, again, places
under the earth, which by nature or art yield heat. These divers heats we use as
the nature of the operation which we intend requireth.
"We have also perspective houses, where we make
demonstrations of all lights and radiations and of all colors; and out of things
uncolored and transparent we can represent unto you all several colors, not in
rainbows, as it is in ?ems and prisms, but of themselves single. We represent
also all multiplications of light, which we carry to great distance, and make so
sharp as to discern small points and lines. Also all colorations of light: all
delusions and deceits of the sight, in figures, magnitudes, motions, colors; all
demonstrations of shadows. We find also divers means, yet unknown to you, of
producing of light, originally from divers bodies. We procure means of seeing
objects afar off, as in the heaven and remote places; and represent things near
as afar off, and things afar off as near; making feigned distances. We have
also helps for the sight far above spectacles and glasses in use; we have also
glasses and means to see small and minute bodies, perfectly and distinctly; as
the shapes and colors of small flies and worms, grains, and flaws in gems which
cannot otherwise be seen, observations in urine and blood not otherwise to be
seen. We make artificial rainbows, halos, and circles about light. We
represent also all manner of reflections, refractions, and multiplications of
visual beams of objects.
"We have also precious stones, of all kinds, many of them
of great beauty and to you unknown, crystals likewise, and glasses of divers
kind; and among them some of metals citrificated, and other materials, besides
those of which you make glass. Also a number of fossils and imperfect minerals,
which you have not.Likewise loadstones of prodigious virtue, and other rare
stones, both natural and artificial.
"We have also sound-houses, here we practise and
demonstrate all sounds and their generation. We have harmony which you have not,
of quarter-sounds and lesser slides of sounds. Divers instruments of music
likewise to you unknown, some sweeter than any you have; with bells and rings
that are dainty and sweet. We represent small sounds as great and deep, likewise
great sounds extenuate and sharp; we make diverstremblings and warblings of
sounds, which in their original are entire. We represent and imitate all
articulate sounds and letters, and the voices and notes of beasts and birds. We
have certain helps which, set to the ear, do further the hearing greatly; we
have also divers strange and artificial echoes, reflecting the voice many times,
and, as it were, tossing it; and some that give back the voice louder than it
came, some shriller and some deeper; yea, some rendering the voice, differing in
the letters for articulate sound from that they receive. We have all means to
convey sounds in trunks and pipes, in strange lines and distances.
"We have also perfume-houses, wherewith we join also
practices of taste. We multiply smells which may seem strange: we imitate
smells, making all smells to breathe out of other mixtures than those that give
them. We make divers imitations of taste likewise, so that they will deceive any
man's taste. And in this house we contain also a confiture-house, where we make
all sweatmeats, dry and moist, and divers pleasant wines, milks, broths, and
salads, far in greater variety than you have.
"We have also engine-houses, where are prepared engines and
instruments for all sorts of motions. There we imitate and practise to make
swifter motions than any you have, either out of your muskets or any engine that
you have; and to make them and multiply them more easily and with small force,
by wheels and other means, and to make them stronger and more violent than yours
are, exceeding your greatest cannons and basilisks. We represent also ordnance
and instruments of war and engines of all kinds; and likewise new mixtures and
compositions of gunpowder, wild-fires burning in water and unquenchable, also
fire-works of all variety, both for pleasure and use. We imitate also flights of
birds; we have some degrees of flying in the air. We have ships and boats for
going under water and rooking of seas, also swimming-girdles and supporters. We
have divers curious clocks and other like motions of return, and some perpetual
motions. We imitate also motions of living creatures by images of men, beasts,
birds, fishes, and serpents; we have also a great number of other various
motions, strange for equality, fineness, and subtilty.
"We have also a mathematical-house, where are represented
all instruments, as well of geometry as astronomy, exquisitely made.
"We have also houses of deceits of the senses, where we
represent all manner of feats of juggling, false apparitions, impostures and
illusions, and their fallacies. And surely you will easily believe that we, that
have so many things truly natural which induce admiration, could in a world of
particulars deceive the senses if we would disguise those things, and labor to
make them more miraculous. But we do hate all impostures and lies, insomuch as
we have severely forbidden it to all our fellows, under pain of ignominy and
fines, that they do not show any natural work or thing adorned or swelling, but
only pure as it is, and without all affectation of strangeness.
"These are, my son, the riches of Salomon's House.
"For the several employments and offices of our fellows, we
have twelve that sail into foreign countries under the names of other nations
(for our own we conceal), who bring us the books and abstracts, and patterns of
experiments of all other parts. These we call merchants of light.
"We have three that collect the experiments which are in
all books. These we call depredators.
"We have three that collect the experiments of all
mechanical arts, and also of liberal sciences, and also of practices which are
not brought into arts. These we call mystery-men.
"We have three that try new experiments, such as themselves
think good. These we call pioneers or miners.
"We have three that draw the experiments of the former four
into titles and tables, to give the better light for the drawing of observations
and axioms out of them. These we call compilers. We have three that bend
themselves, looking into the experiments of their fellows, and cast about how to
draw out of them things of use and practice for man's life and knowledge, as
well for works as for plain demonstration of causes, means of natural
divinations, and the easy and clear discovery of the virtues and parts of
bodies. These we call dowry-men or benefactors.
"Then after divers meetings and consults of our whole
number, to consider of the former labors and collections, we have three that
take care out of them to direct new experiments, of a higher light, more
penetrating into nature than the former. These we call lamps.
"We have three others that do execute the experiments so
directed, and report them. These we call inoculators.
"Lastly, we have three that raise the former discoveries by
experiments into greater observations, axioms, and aphorisms. These we call
interpreters of nature.
"We have also, as you must think, novices and apprentices,
that the succession of the former employed men do not fail; besides a great
number of servants and attendants, men and women. And this we do also: we have
consultations, which of the inventions and experiences which we have discovered
shall be published, and which not; and take all an oath of secrecy for the
concealing of those which we think fit to keep secret; though some of those we
do reveal sometime to the State, and some not.
"For our ordinances and rites we have two very long and
fair galleries. In one of these we place patterns and samples of all manner of
the more rare and excellent inventions; in the other we place the statues of all
principal inventors. There we have the statue of your Columbus, that discovered
the West Indies, also the inventor of ships, your monk that was the inventor of
ordnance and of gunpowder, the inventor of music, the inventor of letters, the
inventor of printing, the inventor of observations of astronomy, the inventor of
works in metal, the inventor of glass, the inventor of silk of the worm, the
inventor of wine, the inventor of corn and bread, the inventor of sugars; and
all these by more certain tradition than you have. Then we have divers inventors
of our own, of excellent works; which, (since you have not seen) it were too
long to make descriptions of them; and besides, in the right understanding of
those descriptions you might easily err. For upon every invention of value we
erect a statue to the inventor, and give him a liberal and honorable reward.
These statues are some of brass, some of marble and touchstone, some cedar and
other special woods gilt and adorned; some of iron, some of silver, some of
gold.
"We have certain hymns and services, which we say daily, of
laud and thanks to God for His marvellous works. And forms of prayers, imploring
His aid and blessing for the illumination of our labors; and turning them into
good and holy uses. "Lastly, we have circuits or visits, of divers principal
cities of the kingdom; where as it cometh to pass we do publish such new
profitable inventions as we think good. And we do also declare natural
divinations of diseases, plagues, swarms of hurtful creatures, scarcity,
tempest, earthquakes, great inundations, comets, temperature of the year, and
divers other things; and we give counsel thereupon, what the people shall do for
the prevention and remedy of them."
And when he had said this he stood up, and I, as I had been
taught, knelt down; and he laid his right hand upon my head, and said: "God
bless thee, my son, and God bless this relation which I have made. I give thee
leave to publish it, for the good of other nations; for we here are in God's
bosom, a land unknown." And so he left me; having assigned a value of about
2,000 ducats for a bounty to me and my fellows. For they give great largesses,
where they come, upon all occasions.
[THE REST WAS NOT PERFECTED.]
This text was prepared by Kirk Crady from scanner output provided by Internet Wiretap. THE NEW ATLANTIS, by FRANCIS BACON. (Written 1626.) Prepared by Kirk Crady from scanner output provided by Internet Wiretap. This book is in the public domain, released August 1993.